Is Heaven Our Destiny?
Is Heaven Our Destiny?
AUTHOR: Dwight A. Pryor
Unique to the biblical faiths of Judaism and Christianity, however, is the conviction that there will be a life after life-after-death.
THE BELIEF IN LIFE AFTER DEATH IS nearly universal among the world’s religions. Unique to the biblical faiths of Judaism and Christianity, however, is the conviction that there will be a life after life-after-death (to borrow a phrase from N.T. Wright). In other words the afterlife will not be our final destination, but we shall be materially embodied once again in the resurrection of the dead at the Last Day.
The implications of this seem not to have registered fully on the popular Christian culture, which tends to define salvation as “going to heaven when you die.” In a carryover from medieval times, when the travails of this present world were countered by the Church’s otherworldly spirituality, the common sentiment among Christians today remains:
This world is not my home; I’m just a passing through. My treasures are laid up, somewhere beyond the blue. Just over in Glory land we’ll live eternally …
This popular point of view runs counter to the witness of Scripture — which indicates that our ultimate destiny as believers is not “heaven” but a new “heaven and earth” (the biblical idiom for created cosmos).
THE VISION OF A NEW OR RENEWED universe is common to both Testaments, as well as to Jewish apocalyptic literature during the four-hundred year intertestamental period. The earth will go through a period of judgment, purging and cleansing at the Apocalypse before it is restored at last to the pristine condition of Gan Eden (Garden of Eden).
The Apostle Peter foresaw that Day of the Lord when the cosmos will dissolve into its elements by fire, to be renewed according to God’s promise by “new heavens and a new earth, where righteousness is at home” (2 Pet 3:13). The Hebraic terminology “new heavens and a new earth” derives from the prophetic vision of Isaiah (65:17ff), in which a new Jerusalem will become a joy and delight to the nations and the natural created order will be restored to innocence and shalom, so that “the wolf and the lamb shall feed together, and the lion shall eat straw like the ox” (65:25).
This end-time scenario of course is found also in the Apocalypse of John. The Apostle envisions a restored heaven and earth, after evil and wickedness have been destroyed, with the “holy city, the new Jerusalem, coming down out of heaven from God” (Rev 21:1-2).
Then the Creator himself will descend and take up habitation among redeemed humankind. “He will dwell with them, and they will be his people, and God himself will be with them as their God” (21:3). The “Immanuel” (God-with-us) that found fulfillment in the Incarnation will come to its consummation in the Last Days when the Lord God will dwell fully and perpetually in the midst of His people (Ezekiel 37: 26-27).
The creation itself shall then be set free from its enslavement to futility and decay to obtain the “freedom of the [resurrected] glory of the children of God” (Rom 8:21). It will be purged, purified, transformed and glorified. It will not be annihilated, but made new or renewed. As the One seated on the Throne promises, “Behold, I am making all things new!” (Revelation 21:5).
THE HOPE WE HAVE IN THE LORD therefore is far grander than some post-death consciousness or some everlasting state of disembodied bliss. Our final home will not be “over in Glory land.” Heaven will be but a temporary layover on the way to a better world.
Our ultimate destiny is to dwell forever in the House of the Lord. His habitation will be in a renewed heaven and earth. We have no need of resurrected bodies in heaven. But when at the Last Day heaven comes to earth and the Jerusalem which is above, whose architect and builder is God (Heb 11:10), descends upon the present city — then indeed we will need and will prosper in the transformed physicality of resurrected bodies.
Like the risen Jesus, our bodies will be in continuity with our previous existence, and yet also new, glorified and animated fully by the Spirit. Then we shall walk with our Redeemer and have unhindered fellowship with the true and living God. Our joy will be complete and His purposes for the creation will be consummated. That is our destiny!
Source: The Center for Judaic-Christian Studies.
Roger’s comment:
Many Christians are often confused, and sometimes ignorant, about the biblical teaching of the afterlife and postmortem fate of the believer, being overtly influenced by Platonic and Cartesian substance dualism – the belief that the soul/mind are completely different substances and that the disembodied soul can live on independently following the demise of the material body. This is reinforced by inaccurate folk theology expressed in books, movies and Christian music that implies that the final destination of the Christian believer after death is a disembodied existence in some ethereal heaven for eternity. Ignorance about the Christian doctrine of the afterlife is certainly not helped by poor or absent preaching on these matters within many churches.
As Dwight Pryor quite accurately points out, this is not what the Bible actually teaches about the afterlife. Rather than emphasizing the Platonic notion that after death, believers live as disembodied ethereal souls in heaven for eternity, the Bible teaches bodily resurrection into a new, restored, transformed material body similar to the resurrection body that Jesus was encountered as following his resurrection. Rather than rejecting the “mortal coil” like Plato did, the Bible celebrates the material, physical body by teaching that believers will spend eternity on the New Earth is transformed, perfect, flawless resurrection bodies. These bodies will be physical, touch-able and hug-able, albeit possibly with some supramaterial properties as seen with the example of Jesus’ resurrection body. But the Bible certainly teaches physical, bodily resurrection of all of humanity, with the final eternal destination of that body being determined by the person’s realtionship with Christ. The Bible does not teach Platonic dualism and disembodied souls living in an ethereal heaven for eternity. Thank goodness, I say.
Ian Packer
on May 11th, 2011
Godo comments, Roger.
One point of slight disagreement with Dwight Pryor is that while the eschatological picture of, say, the end of the Book of Revelation has wonderful Garden of Eden imagery woven into it, it is much more than a restoration to an original condition. The final picture is of a garden CITY in which the riches of the nations are brought, signifying, I guess, that there is a redemption of what has happened in history rather than rendering it meaningless by annulment.
Erik M
on May 11th, 2011
Help me understand. I haven’t read Wright’s books on the subject but I’ve heard interviews. I could very well be butchering his views here., but it seems like he takes a physicalist perspective almost, and that when we die we enter into some sort of strange sort of conscious yet unconscious soul sleep and the real afterlife is only the resurrection.
I guess I don’t know what to make of believers and non-believers alike who experience NDE’s. I personally know of person who left his body during an emergency operation that doctors should have killed him, and I’ve read and heard of many accounts like his. While I don’t think heaven is the ultimate goal, it seems scriptural from what I gather in the NT that heaven is a waiting place until the kingdom fully manifests on earth, however that happens.
rogermorris
on May 11th, 2011
Good points Erik. Personally the more I read on the nature of the soul and the mind/body problem from a Christian perspective, the more I am convinced that substance dualism is not the most biblical view available. It is certainly the popular folk Christianity view, but more by Chinese whispers and theological default than necessarily by biblical support. I am in a state of flux currently. I am allowing myself to explore alternative models of the soul and the mind/body relationship from a Christian perspective. Philosophers such as Nancy Murphy and Glenn Peoples make a good biblical case for mind/body physicalism and William Hasker discusses emergentism. All of these have advantages and disadvantages. Once discounted as a Seventh Day Adventist oddity, I am now allowing myself to explore the concept of soul sleep prior to resurrection. Wright does try to give a biblical account of the soul that doesn’t necessarily have to be based in substance dualism.
rogermorris
on May 11th, 2011
Thanks Ian – agreed.
Peter Grice
on May 11th, 2011
Nice work Roger. This needs to be pondered much more widely….
Erik M
on May 12th, 2011
Thanks, Roger.
I’ve seen that Peoples has several podcasts on the subject and given that he’s always interesting even when I don’t agree, I should give them a listen.
I guess to be honest previously I’ve just rejected physicalism out of hand. I just have trouble understanding how we could be said to be “new creations” if we are in Christ. I take that to mean more than just a change of mind or some eschatological event yet to come. Moreover, Romans 8:16 doesn’t make a lot of sense on a physicalist view, as it seems that Paul is talking about a spiritual nature of man that the Holy Spirit bears witness to.
Letting my pentecostal slip show, I also would have trouble making sense of Paul’s description of praying in tongues in 1 Cor. 14 where he says that his spirit prays, but his mind is unfruitful. This implies dualism at the least, if not a trichotomous anthropology. And 1 Cor. 2 also seems to refute a physicalist view, I would think. I will listen to People’s take, however, it’s just that these scriptures come immediately to mind, that’s why I guess I never bothered with it to begin with.
Thanks for getting me thinking, I’d be interested in your take as well regarding the different scriptural objections I’ve raised.
Erik M
on May 12th, 2011
I meant to note that overall I do agree that the emphasis on “getting to heaven” has been misguided. Resurrected bodies living on this earth does seem to be the main goal in the mind of God.
Mark Wendland
on May 31st, 2011
You may be interested in Wright’s (fairly) recent musings on the NT use of the word psyche in relation to the mind-body problem posed by philosophy. http://www.ntwrightpage.com/Wright_SCP_MindSpiritSoulBody.htm
rogermorris
on May 31st, 2011
Thanks Mark, will read with interest.