Book Review – “Who Made God?”
Who Made God? Searching for a Theory of Everything
By: Edgar Andrews
Evangelical Press / 2009 / Hardcover
Professor Edgar H. Andrews is Emeritus Professor of Materials at the University of London and an international expert on the science of large molecules. He is the founder of the Department of Materials at Queen Mary College, University of London, and served both as its Head and later as Dean of Engineering. He was an international consultant to the Dow Chemical Company (USA) for over 30 years and to the 3M Company (USA) for twenty years. He also acted for many years as an expert scientific witness in a variety of cases in the British High Court and in courts in the USA and Canada. At the Oxford Union ‘Huxley Memorial Debate’ in 1986 Professor Andrews debated a significantly less well-known Richard Dawkins on the motion, ‘That the doctrine of creation is more valid than the theory of evolution’. He has published well over 100 scientific papers and books, together with two Bible commentaries and various works on science and religion, and on theology. So it’s fair to say that Professor Andrews is no slouch when it comes to science, religion and the interface between science and religious faith. He is certainly a credible, even formidible, opponent to the vocal hubris of the New Atheists, and can by no means be easily waved off by the supporters of the New Atheists world view.
The full title of the book is “Who Made God – Searching For A Theory of Everything”, the first part of the title an obvious reference to the simplistic rhetoric of Richard Dawkins regarding the non-question, “Who created the Creator?”. Addressing profound questions of science, philosophy and faith with an open and engaging style, Prof Andrews clearly and deftly exposes the noisy pretensions of the New Atheists. His stated aim in the book is not only to rebut and refute the increasingly aggressive atheistic Zeitgeist, but also to provide a logically consistent and cogent alternative option. He describes how his fellow scientists dream of discovering a ‘theory of everything’ that will embrace and explain every physical process and phenomenon in the cosmos. Prof Andrews correctly argues that there is more to existence than the material world and that the things that make human existence worthwhile are mainly non-material. Thus he postulates that any ‘theory of everything’ must include not only space, time, matter and energy, but also the realms of heart, mind, conscience and spirit. Andrews puts forward the ‘hypothesis of God’ as a viable option for this all-encompassing ‘theory’ of everything – the option that, in spite of opponents, still towers above the barren landscape of atheism and physicalism.
Prof Andrews manages to craft this book in a manner suitable for readers ranging from scientific novice through to the more discerning reader with a science background. He skillfully discussing topics such as the scientific method, string theory, quantum physics, big bang cosmology, time & space, the laws of nature, the origin of life, evolutionary theory, molecular genetics, philosophy of mind and moral philosophy – all in an engaging and entertaining fashion. These subjects are deftly interspersed with biblical theology, philosophy of religion and philosophy of science. One of the most important aspects of this book is a rational and cogent critique of scientism – an inflated belief in the abilities of science to solve every human problem – and an honest discussion of the limitations of science, from the perspective of a professional and distinguished scientist.
I found “Who Made God” an entertaining read that maintained my attention and interest throughout. Prof Andrews’ engaging and informal style makes this a surprisingly relaxed read, despite the sometimes complicated and detailed concepts being discussed. This book is a must-read for anyone who wants to explore further the much-maligned relationship between science, philosophy and Christian theology. Highly recommended.

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on May 26th, 2010
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Himangsu Sekhar Pal
on December 28th, 2010
WHO CREATED GOD?
Earlier it was impossible for us to give any satisfactory answer to this question. But modern science, rather we should say that Einstein, has made it an easy task for us. And Stephen Hawking has provided us with the clue necessary for solving this riddle. Actually scientists in their infinite wisdom have already kept the ground well-prepared for us believers so that one day we can give a most plausible and logically sound answer to this age-old question. Let us first see how Hawking has helped us by providing the necessary clue. In his book “A Brief History of Time” (Chapter: The origin and fate of the universe) he informs us that there are 1080 particles in the region of the observable universe. Then he raised the question regarding the origin of these particles, and gave the answer himself. According to quantum theory particles can be created out of energy in the form of particle/antiparticle pairs. But there the question does not stop. Another question props up regarding the origin of that energy. But when it is said that total energy of the universe is exactly zero, then all is said and done. So this is the clue: if we can somehow arrive at zero, then no further question will be raised, and there will be no infinite regression. What I intend to do here is something similar to that. I want to show that our God is a bunch of several zeroes, and that therefore no further question need be raised about His origin. And here comes Einstein with his special theory of relativity for giving us the necessary empirical support to our project.
God is a Being. Therefore God will have existence as well as essence. So I will have to show that both from the point of view of existence as well as from the point of view of essence God is zero. It is almost a common saying that God is spaceless, timeless, changeless, immortal, and all-pervading. Here we are getting three zeroes; space is zero, time is zero, change is zero. But how to prove that if there is a God, then that God will be spaceless, timeless, and changeless? From special theory of relativity we come to know that for light both distance and time become unreal. For light even an infinite distance is infinitely contracted to zero. The volume of an infinite universe full of light only will be simply zero due to this property of light. A universe with zero volume is a spaceless universe. Again at the speed of light time totally stops. So a universe full of light only is a spaceless, timeless universe. But these are the properties of light only! How do we come to know that God is also having the same properties of light so that God can also be spaceless, timeless? Scientists have shown that if there is a God, then that God can only be light, and nothing else, and that therefore He will have all the properties of light. Here is the proof.
Scientists have shown that total energy of the universe is always zero. If total energy is zero, then total mass will also be zero due to energy-mass equivalence. Now if there is a God, then scientists have calculated the total energy and mass of the universe by taking that God into consideration. In other words, if there is a God, then this total energy-mass calculation by the scientists is God-inclusive, not God-exclusive. This is due to two reasons. First of all, even if there is a God, they are not aware of the fact that there is a God. Secondly, they do not believe that there is a God. So, if there is a God, then they have not been able to keep that God aside before making this calculation, because they do not know that there is a God. They cannot say that they have kept Him aside and then made this calculation, because by saying so they will admit that there is a God. They cannot say that the behind-the-picture God has always remained behind the picture, and that He has in no way come into the picture when they have made this calculation, because by saying so they will again admit that there is a God. At most they can say that there is no God. But we are not going to accept that statement as the final verdict on God-issue, because we are disputing that statement. So the matter of the fact is this: if God is really there, then total mass and total energy of the universe including that God are both zero. Therefore mass and energy of God will also be zero. God is without any mass, without any energy. And Einstein has already shown that anything having zero rest-mass will have the speed of light. In other words, it will be some sort of light. So, if God is there, then God will also be light, and therefore He will be spaceless, timeless. So from the point of view of existence God is zero, because he is spaceless, timeless, without any mass, without any energy.
Now we will have to show that from the point of view of essence also God is zero. If there is only one being in the universe, and if there is no second being other than that being, then that being cannot have any such property as love, hate, cruelty, compassion, benevolence, etc. Let us say that God is cruel. Now to whom can He be cruel if there is no other being other than God Himself? So, if God is cruel, then is He cruel to Himself? Therefore if we say that God is all-loving, merciful, benevolent, etc., then we are also admitting that God is not alone, that there is another being co-eternal with God to whom He can show His love, benevolence, goodness, mercy, compassion, etc. If we say that God is all-loving, then we are also saying that this “all” is co-eternal with God. Thus we are admitting that God has not created the universe at all, and that therefore we need not have to revere Him, for the simple reason that He is not our creator!
It is usually said that God is good. But Bertrand Russell has shown that God cannot be good for the simple reason that if God is good, then there is a standard of goodness which is independent of God’s will. (Book: A History of Western Philosophy, Ch: Plato’s Utopia). Therefore, if God is the ultimate Being, then that God cannot be good. But neither can He be evil. God is beyond good and evil. Like Hindu’s Brahma, a real God can only be nirguna, nirupadhik; without any name, without any quality. From the point of view of essence also, a real God is a zero. Mystics usually say that their God is a no-thing. This is the real God, not the God of the scriptures.
So, why should there be any need of creation here, if God is existentially, as well as essentially, zero?
But if there is someone who is intelligent and clever enough, then he will not stop raising question here. He will point out to another infinite regression. If God is light, then He will no doubt be spaceless, timeless, etc. Therefore one infinite regression is thus stopped. But what about the second regression? How, and from whom, does light get its own peculiar properties by means of which we have successfully stopped the first regression? So, here is another infinite regression. But we need not have to worry much about this regression, because this problem has already been solved. A whole thing, by virtue of its being the whole thing, will have all the properties of spacelessness, timelessness, changelessness, deathlessness. It need not have to depend on any other external source for getting these properties. Thus no further infinite regression will be there.